The A1c test, also known as hemoglobin A1c or HbA1c, is a vital tool for monitoring long-term blood sugar levels. It measures the percentage of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells, that is coated with sugar (glucose).
Unlike a regular blood sugar test that gives a snapshot of your levels at a specific moment, the A1c test provides a more comprehensive picture of your average blood sugar over the past two to three months.
For people with diabetes or at risk of developing the disease, this test is essential. A normal A1c level is below 5.7%. Levels between 5.7% and 6.4% suggest prediabetes, which is a sign that you may develop diabetes if lifestyle changes aren’t made.
An A1c level of 6.5% or higher indicates diabetes. People with diabetes often aim to keep their A1c below 7% to reduce the risk of complications.
Why is A1c so important? Consistently high blood sugar levels can lead to serious health issues over time, including heart disease, kidney failure, nerve damage, and vision loss.
Monitoring A1c levels helps doctors and patients make necessary adjustments to treatment plans, including changes in diet, exercise, and medication. Since the test reflects longer-term blood sugar control, it’s a more reliable indicator than daily blood sugar readings alone.
A1c testing is recommended for people with diabetes at least twice a year, or more frequently if blood sugar levels are not well-controlled. For those with prediabetes, regular monitoring can help prevent the onset of diabetes through early intervention.
In summary, the A1c test is not only a key tool for managing diabetes but also a valuable resource for preventing disease. By giving a clear, long-term view of blood sugar levels, it helps individuals take charge of their health and avoid potentially life-threatening complications.
Dr. Ramirez is a resident physician who sees patients of all ages and provides obstetrical services at Lone Star Family Health Center, a non-profit 501©3 Federally Qualified Health Center operating facilities in Conroe, Spring, Willis, Grangerland, and Huntsville, and serving as home to a fully integrated Family Medicine Residency Program to increase the number of Family Medicine physicians for Texas and our community.