Pneumonia is a serious infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. These air sacs may fill with fluid or pus, causing symptoms like coughing, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. While pneumonia can affect anyone, it poses the greatest risk to young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
Pneumonia can be caused by different pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The most common type is bacterial pneumonia, often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Viral pneumonia, caused by viruses such as influenza or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), is also prevalent, especially during the colder months. Fungal pneumonia is less common and typically affects people with weakened immune systems. Healthcare professionals classify pneumonia based on where and how it was acquired:
In severe cases, pneumonia can lead to complications such as lung abscesses, respiratory failure, or sepsis. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or do not improve.
Preventing pneumonia starts with good hygiene and health practices. Regular handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and staying up-to-date on vaccinations—such as the flu shot and pneumococcal vaccines—are effective measures.
Treatment for pneumonia depends on its cause. Bacterial pneumonia is typically treated with antibiotics, while viral pneumonia may require antiviral medications and supportive care like rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain relievers. Severe cases might require hospitalization, oxygen therapy, or intravenous antibiotics.
If you or a loved one experiences symptoms of pneumonia, particularly high fever, persistent shortness of breath, or confusion, seek medical care promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to a full recovery.
By staying informed and proactive, you can reduce your risk of pneumonia and protect your respiratory health. Remember, when in doubt, consult a healthcare professional to address any concerns.
Dr. Truong is a resident physician who sees patients of all ages and provides obstetrical services at Lone Star Family Health Center, a non-profit 501©3 Federally Qualified Health Center operating facilities in Conroe, Spring, Willis, Grangerland, and Huntsville, and serving as home to a fully integrated Family Medicine Residency Program to increase the number of Family Medicine physicians for Texas and our community.