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Falls are common in older individuals and can cause a significant impact on their independence. Falls can lead to debilitating conditions which can lead to increased morbidity, mortality and nursing home admissions while also substantially increasing costs in healthcare. Thus, preventing falls is crucial. Many physical conditions and environmental factors that contribute to falls can be modified.
Preventing falls should be individualized and involve a multidisciplinary approach with various healthcare providers. They can help determine and target specific risk factors. They can evaluate balance, gait, vision, cardiovascular status, diet or vitamin deficiencies, and importantly they can review medications that could increase risk of falls.
One of the most important interventions is engaging in regular physical activity to maintain strength, balance, and coordination. Focus on exercises that improve strength, flexibility, and balance such as walking, swimming, tai chi and yoga. For assistance, consult a healthcare professional or certified trainer to create a personalized exercise routine suitable for your needs and abilities.
Assessing and modifying the living environment is another essential part in preventing falls. Removing clutter and tripping hazards, ensuring clear pathways and securing or removing loose rugs or carpets are all important. Other options are to install grab bars in the bathroom, handrails on stairways, and ensure adequate lighting throughout the house. Also, keep frequently used items within easy reach, eliminating the need for reaching or climbing.
Choose footwear that fits well, provides support, and has non-slip soles. Avoid high heels, floppy slippers and shoes with smooth soles. In addition, choose, clothing that allows for freedom of movement and that is not loose or long which can be a tripping hazard.
If necessary, utilize assistive devices can be used to help with stability and mobility. Canes, walkers, or wheelchairs are a few of those options. Ensure they are fitted and in good condition. Healthcare professionals and physical therapist can help choose an appropriate assistive device.
Another intervention for fall prevention is maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Have a balanced diet rich in nutrients which include vitamin D and calcium. Stay hydrated and limit alcohol consumption to avoid dehydration and things that affect balance and coordination. In addition, it is advised to quit smoking because smoking can weaken bones.
It is also important to be mindful of surroundings, especially in unfamiliar and hazardous environments such as uneven surfaces, slippery areas, or stairs. Do not rush. Take time when performing activities. Use handrails and be cautious when transitioning between different surfaces.
Preventing falls requires a multifaceted approach with joint cooperation of healthcare professionals and individuals. It involves lifestyle changes, incorporating exercise and assistive devices, modifying medications and home environment. With these changes, an individual can reduce risk of falls and overall maintain independence and improved quality of life.
Dr. Nguyen is a resident physician who sees patients of all ages and provides obstetrical services at Lone Star Family Health Center, a non-profit 501©3 Federally Qualified Health Center operating facilities in Conroe, Spring, Willis, Grangerland, and Huntsville, and serving as home to a fully integrated Family Medicine Residency Program to increase the number of Family Medicine physicians for Texas and our community.
