A cold is also called an “upper respiratory infection.” Common cold symptoms usually develop gradually and include runny nose, nasal congestion, cough, sore throat, headaches, and fever. In comparison to the flu, these symptoms are milder. Symptoms may last 7 to 10 days and can be treated with over-the-counter medicines. There are over 200 existing respiratory viruses that can lead to a cold. These viruses are spread through respiratory droplets. Rhinoviruses are the most common viruses to cause cold symptoms.
On the other hand, the flu, also known as influenza, in many instances presents itself more severely and abruptly in onset. Symptoms can include fever, chills, muscle or body aches, fatigue, cough, headache. Less commonly, sore throat, nasal congestion, runny nose, vomiting, and diarrhea may be present. These symptoms can last up to two weeks. Fatigue and cough may persist longer.
Recently, data from the CDC suggests that the flu is spreading across the US. There are 3 types of influenza that can affect humans, labeled as A, B, and C. Influenza A is the most common type to lead to pandemics. The flu can lead to serious complications in certain populations. The complications that may arise are pneumonia and inflammation throughout the body including the heart, brain, and muscles. If you or someone you know are in a high-risk group (i.e. children younger than 5 years old, adults above the age of 64, or have certain chronic medical conditions) and are suspicious of having the flu, do not hesitate to consult with a healthcare provider. They may prescribe an antiviral medicine, which is most effective if started early. These can help decrease the duration and severity of the sickness.
Tamiflu, Relenza, Rapivab, and Xofluza are all anti-flu medications. Tamiflu and Xofluza can be taken orally. Rapivab is given intravenously, while Relenza is inhaled through the mouth. It is important to note that antibiotics do not treat viral infections including colds and flu. If one were to take antibiotics, it may hurt the chances of combating bacterial infections in the future.
Flu season is October through May with peak activity between December and February. While you can get the common cold at anytime of the year. That’s why it’s important to get your flu shot. The flu shot is recommended starting at 6 months old. For pregnant mothers, it is also recommended to get the flu vaccine. During the 2023-2024 season, the CDC estimates that the flu shot has prevented 4.8 million health visits, 120,000 hospitalizations, and 7,900 influenza-related deaths.
Proper hand hygiene is essential in preventing the spread of illnesses. In fact, the use of hand sanitizer is more protective than hand washing. If you do catch the cold or the flu, getting rest, hydration, and over the counter medications can help alleviate symptoms. If symptoms do not improve after a week or two, and symptoms worsen with high-grade fever, headache, productive cough, shortness of breath, or facial pain, go see your doctor to determine if there is another type of illness going on.
Dr. Nguyen is a resident physician who sees patients of all ages and provides obstetrical services at Lone Star Family Health Center, a non-profit 501©3 Federally Qualified Health Center operating facilities in Conroe, Spring, Willis, Grangerland, and Huntsville, and serving as home to a fully integrated Family Medicine Residency Program to increase the number of Family Medicine physicians for Texas and our community.
